Master Java Programming: Comprehensive Tutorials, OOP Concepts, GUI Development & Real-World Projects!

 

Java Tutorial for Zed ICT Hub

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Java

   • What is Java?
   • Java Features
   • Setting Up Java Development Environment

2. Java Program Structure

   • Basic Syntax
   • Data Types and Variables
   • Operators
   • Control Statements

3. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

   • Classes and Objects
   • Inheritance
   • Polymorphism
   • Encapsulation
   • Abstraction

4. Java Standard Libraries and Packages

   • Importing Libraries
   • Commonly Used Packages

5. Exception Handling

   • Try-Catch Blocks
   • Throwing Exceptions
   • Custom Exceptions

6. Java GUI Programming

   • Introduction to Swing
   • Creating a Simple GUI Application

7. File Handling in Java

   • Reading and Writing Files
   • Using File I/O Classes

8. Final Project: Student Management System

   • Project Overview
   • Implementation Steps
   • Final Code Solution

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1. Introduction to Java

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is widely used for building web applications, mobile apps, and enterprise-level systems.

Java Features:

• Platform Independence
• Object-Oriented
• Strongly Typed
• Automatic Memory Management
• Multithreading Support

Setting Up Java Development Environment:

1. Download and install the Java Development Kit (JDK).
2. Set the environment variable for Java.
3. Install an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, or NetBeans.

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2. Java Program Structure

A typical Java program consists of classes and methods. Here’s a simple structure:

java
public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
    }
}

Basic Syntax:

• Java is case-sensitive.
• Statements end with a semicolon ;.

Data Types and Variables:

• Primitive Data Types: int, float, char, boolean, etc.
• Variable Declaration:

  java
  int number = 10;
  String name = "John";

Operators:

Java supports various operators like arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators.

Control Statements:

• Conditional Statements:

  java
  if (number > 0) {
      System.out.println("Positive number");
  }

• Loops: for, while, and do-while.

Exercise: Write a program that checks whether a number is even or odd.

Solution:

java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class EvenOdd {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
        int number = scanner.nextInt();
        
        if (number % 2 == 0) {
            System.out.println(number + " is even.");
        } else {
            System.out.println(number + " is odd.");
        }
    }
}

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3. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

Classes and Objects:

• Class: A blueprint for creating objects.
• Object: An instance of a class.

java
class Car {
    String color;
    void drive() {
        System.out.println("Driving");
    }
}

Example:

java
Car myCar = new Car();
myCar.color = "Red";
myCar.drive();

Inheritance:

Allows a class to inherit fields and methods from another class.

java
class Vehicle {
    void start() {
        System.out.println("Vehicle started");
    }
}
class Bike extends Vehicle {
    void ride() {
        System.out.println("Riding the bike");
    }
}

Polymorphism:

Ability to perform a single action in different ways. Achieved through method overriding and overloading.

Encapsulation:

Wrapping data (variables) and code (methods) together. Use access modifiers (private, public, protected).

Abstraction:

Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only essential features.

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4. Java Standard Libraries and Packages

Java has a rich set of libraries and APIs. You can import classes using the import statement.

Example:

java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;

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5. Exception Handling

Handling errors and exceptions is crucial for robust applications.

Try-Catch Blocks:

java
try {
    int result = 10 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
    System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero.");
}

Throwing Exceptions:

You can throw exceptions manually using the throw keyword.

Custom Exceptions:

Create your own exception classes by extending Exception.

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6. Java GUI Programming

Java provides the Swing library for creating graphical user interfaces.

Creating a Simple GUI Application:

java
import javax.swing.*;
public class SimpleGUI {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Simple GUI");
        JButton button = new JButton("Click Me");
        button.setBounds(50, 100, 95, 30);
        
        frame.add(button);
        frame.setSize(300, 300);
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

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7. File Handling in Java

Java provides classes for reading and writing files.

Reading and Writing Files:

java
import java.io.*;
public class FileHandling {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("example.txt");
            writer.write("Hello, World!");
            writer.close();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("example.txt"));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
            reader.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

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8. Final Project: Student Management System

Project Overview:

Develop a simple student management system that allows adding, viewing, and deleting student records.

Implementation Steps:

1. Create a Student Class:

java
class Student {
    String name;
    int age;
    String id;
    public Student(String name, int age, String id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.id = id;
    }
}

2. Main Application: Use an ArrayList to store students and provide methods to manage them.

3. Creating a GUI for Student Management:

java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class StudentManagement {
    static ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Student Management System");
        JButton addButton = new JButton("Add Student");
        JButton viewButton = new JButton("View Students");
        JTextField nameField = new JTextField();
        JTextField ageField = new JTextField();
        JTextField idField = new JTextField();
        
        // Layout and Action Listeners...
        frame.setSize(400, 400);
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

Final Code Solution:

The complete code will involve implementing methods for adding, viewing, and managing student records through GUI interactions.